WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en

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Your life worked.

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Music The art attributed more to
man's progress than any other art.

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By means of printing, the fund of
knowledge accumulated through the ages is

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available to everyone, rich and poor alike.

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Printing is essential to all education.

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All the other arts rely on it.

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Religious movements depend on it.

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Business could not function without it,
nor could government.

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Because of the need for printed matter
in practically all of man's activities,

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printing now ranks fourth among
the nation's great industries.

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The wide variety of products of the press
and the demand for a constant supply

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requires the efforts of many skilled persons,
in printing firms ranging in size

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from the small one-man
establishment to large plants

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employing hundreds of workers.

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Printing as a vocation attracts many young
men and women because it offers real

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opportunities for steady work,
good pay and advancement.

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The trade has several branches
and numerous allied industries.

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The most familiar branch,
letter press printing, has

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three distinct types of work.

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These are, first, composition,
the preparation of the type or other

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matter to be printed for the presses.

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Second, press work, the actual printing
of the composed matter on paper

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or some other substance.

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And third, bindery work, the folding or
joining together of the printed sheets

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into various forms so that they
may be sent to the public.

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In the composing room of a good-sized
printing firm, the duties are divided among

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several employees specializing
in various phases of the work.

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The copy for jobs to be printed
goes first to the mark-up man.

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The mark-up man must have a thorough
knowledge of the art of printing.

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He decides what styles and sizes of
type will produce an attractive result.

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He indicates the parts to be set by
hand compositors and those to be

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set by machine operators.

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Although a great part of today's type is
set mechanically, hand compositors are

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employed by all large
commercial printing plants,

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newspapers and publishing houses.

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Hand compositors usually set the large type,
called display line, used in

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advertisements and other printed matter.

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Hand composition offers opportunities
for artistic expression.

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Compositors who have the ability
to create original ideas

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are highly paid craftsmen.

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The work requires manual dexterity,
good eyesight and thoroughness.

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Linotypes and other typesetting machines
are used for the part of the copy called

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straight matter, consisting of many lines
of the same length and size of type.

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The linotype operator manipulates a
keyboard to assemble lines of characters,

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which come in contact with molten type
metal to produce lines or slugs of type.

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These slugs are molded in the
length required by the job.

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They are the right height for
the presses and the words are

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spaced correctly in the line.

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Linotype operators must work speedily
and accurately and be efficient in

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spelling, punctuation,
word division and printer's arithmetic.

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Some printing firms have monotype machines,
which consist of two separate units,

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the keyboard and the casting machine.

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When the monotype keyboard operator
presses the keys, punches driven by

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compressed air perforated paper
ribbon at the top of the machine.

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When the operator finishes,
the ribbon is removed

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and placed in the casting machine.

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The perforated paper controls the movements
of the machine, causing it to produce

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individual type characters
set in properly spaced lines.

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There are other kinds of typesetting machines,
but the monotype and linotype

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are typical examples.

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When a page of type has been set either
by machine or by hand, it is placed in a

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small proof press and printed
on a large piece of paper.

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This leaves wide margins around
the type where the proofreader

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indicates mistakes to be corrected.

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It is the proofreader's responsibility
to find all errors in spelling,

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punctuation and typography.

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Large plants employ persons, usually women,
who do nothing but proofread.

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But in some shops, this job may be
done by the foreman or head operator.

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After mistakes have been corrected,
all the type and engraved plates for a

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single page must be assembled.

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In large printing firms, this work is
done by specialists called make-up men.

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In the lock-up department,
workers called stone men assemble many pages of

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type into single forms.

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But there are several different
ways in which the matter to be

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printed is prepared for the presses.

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It all depends on the kind of press to be used.

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Platen presses are used on small jobs,
such as letterheads or handbills.

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Some of these presses are hand-fed.

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On other small job presses, an ingenious
device feeds the paper automatically.

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There are automatic cylinder presses
for long runs of small work.

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In offset presses, the matter to be printed
is first impressed from a zinc plate

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to a special rubber roller,
then transferred to the paper.

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And for printing magazines, books,
and newspapers, there are immense high-speed

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rotary presses, which, printing both
sides of the paper in one operation, turn

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out thousands of folded copies per hour.

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But no matter what kind of press is used,
a pressman must be a

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skilled, conscientious worker.

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He is in charge of expensive machinery and
materials, and the quality of the work

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produced depends on his ability.

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Before a job can be printed, the pressman
must make ready, that is, compensate

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for inequalities of pressure of
the paper against the plate.

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This is done by building up portions of
the impression surface with thin pieces

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of paper cut to the proper shape
so that the pressure is equalized.

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A pressman must know how to adjust his
press to all kinds of paper and secure

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mechanical accuracy throughout.

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He must have an eye for intensity
of color and see that the inking is

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uniform at all times.

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And pressman should be able to supervise
assistance, for in many plans, an

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experienced man may be responsible for
the proper functioning of several presses

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operated by apprentices.

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The printing trades acquire most of their
new workers through a pressiship or

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training on the job.

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Some vocational schools offer
training which can be taken during

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apprenticeship or previous to it.

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Vocational school training alone does not
always produce skilled workers, but it

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does enable a person to decide
whether he is truly interested

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and suitable for the work.

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And the course of training is
arranged to give the student

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a good background in printing.

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Usually a student starts with hand
composition because all of the fundamental

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principles of printing are derived from it.

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Through a series of prepared lessons,
these principles are

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thoroughly fixed in a student's mind.

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The lessons include instruction in spelling,
word division, proofreading,

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punctuation, and printer's arithmetic.

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After completing the hand composition course,
a student is

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eligible for work in the press room.

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Here he begins his study on
a small hand-fed job press.

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After mastering it,
he is advanced to the small automatic presses.

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But there is a great deal to be learned
before a student can assume the

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responsibility of operating
the large cylinder presses.

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Above all,
he must thoroughly understand the mechanism.

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Thus,
press work is particularly fitted for young men

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who like to work with machinery.

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Student studying to become line-type
operators must have mechanical knowledge

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too,
but here the emphasis is on speed and accuracy.

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Usually, anyone who has mastered the
typewriter can learn to operate the line

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-type keyboard,
but he must also learn composition.

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A student who successfully completes
the course of study in some phase of

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printing at a vocational school is prepared
to enter the printing industry on a

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basis leading to worthwhile remuneration.

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The chances of securing employment are
normally good, for there are thousands of

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large printing establishments in the country
and many small shops and newspapers.

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And work in the printing trade is not seasonal.
It goes on the year-round

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regardless of sunshine or rain.

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Working conditions are generally satisfactory
as to housing, hygiene, and hours.

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If you think you would be interested in
printing as a vocation, investigate its

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possibilities and prepare yourself
accordingly for the phase of the work

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for which you are best suited.

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The printing industry needs young men
and women in its composing rooms where

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thoughts and ideas are fashioned into type.

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It needs mechanically-minded
young men in its press rooms to

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operate the intricate machinery.

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It is a growing industry high on the list
of those offering stability of wages

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and employment,
a high proportion of salary positions, and real

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opportunities for advancement.

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Perhaps you will find a place for your
tastes and talents in printing, a vocation

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offering splendid possibilities
for your life work.